Introduction: Rapid and accurate diagnosis of the disease can have many effects on patients’ healing and recovery, so we decided to investigate the accuracy of brucella capture test with Coombs Wright in patients with brucellosis. Methods: The present study was a descriptive study performed on patients referred to clinics with brucellosis symptoms. Blood samples were taken from all patients. Patients’ information, including age, sex, response to Coombs, Coombs Wright, and Brucella capture tests, as well as patients’ response to treatment, were entered into a pre-prepared checklist. After obtaining laboratory tests for serological assessment, patients’ information including demographic information and laboratory tests were obtained and analyzed using SPSS v. 16. Results: This study was performed on 91 patients with brucellosis. The mean age was 34. 6 years, and 75. 8% of the patients were male. In this study, 84. 6% of patients showed a positive Coombs test, and 26. 4% of patients showed a titer of 1: 80, 85. 7% of the patients showed positive Coombs Wright test, and 29. 7% of the patients had a titer of 1: 160. In the study of Brucella capture tests in patients, 98. 9% of patients showed a positive test, of which 34. 1% had a titer of 1: 160 of the test. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the Brucella capture test is a powerful test for the diagnosis of brucellosis, and in the same condition, patients are more likely to be diagnosed with two Wright and Coombs Wright tests.

Background and Objective: In our country, the Wright test routinely is used for diagnosing brucellosis. Because of its low sensitivity, the range of false-negative results is high. Therefore, we aimed at comparing Wright and ELISA in the people suspected brucellosis.Material and Methods: The results of Wright, 2ME, Coombs Wright tests were compared with Anti-Brucella IgG, Anti-Brucella IgM. Of 1183 subjects referred for Wright test, 148 of them were investigated for Coombs Wright and 228 for 2ME Wright. In addition to Wright test for 32 cases, Brucella IgG and IgM classes were also experimented.Results: Wright test was negative in 95.4% of cases. Of these negative results, 2.3% were positive for Coombs Wright. Eight-point-five percent of the cases were positive for Coombs Wright test and 4.7% for 2ME Wright test. Sixteen cases were negative for both Wright and ELISA. In 8 cases of Wright-negative, ELISA IgM class was positive and IgG class was negative, and in 4 cases of Wright-negative, ELISA IgM was negative and IgG was positive. About 4 cases of Wright-positive, IgM and IgG antibody classes were positive.Conclusion: Due to the mismatch between the results of Wright agglutination test and ELISA method and with regard to availability, high sensitivity and determining the type of antibody classes in ELISA, it is focused on ELISA method for brucellosis diagnosis.

Background: Brucellosis is one of the important zoonotic diseases with variety of symptoms and signs. Using of cost effective, easy and safe diagnostic methods in screening of brucellosis is an important priority. Several studies have been carried out to recognize appropriate diagnostic methods and each have reported different results.Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity of Wright, Coombs Wright and 2-Mercapto Ethanol tests in diagnosis of brucellosis. Method: In these cross-sectional study 340 diagnosed inpatient cases of brucellosis from Hasheminejad Hospital, Mashhad was included in 2008. Demographic characteristics, clinical signs and laboratory results of subjects were collected. Data analysis was done by SPSS11.5 and diagnostic sensitivity of Wright, Coombs Wright and 2-Mercapto Ethanol were assessed. Results: Results showed that %54 of participants was male and %58 was in 20-40years old age group. The most common symptoms were fever (%34) and arthralgy (%22). Among patients there were 324 positive Coombs Wright test and 318 positive 2ME test. The sensitivity of Wright test was 92% (CI%95=83-95) and 80.6% (CI%95=76.6-85.1) according to the basis 1:80 and 1:160. Sensitivity of Coombs Wright and 2ME tests were 95.3% (CI%95=91.3-97.7) and 93.7% (CI%95=91.1-95.6), respectively.Conclusion: To diagnose brucellosis Wright, Coombs Wright and 2ME tests, which are commonly used in Iran, are effective tests compared with other new and expensive diagnostic tests.

This paper’s aim is to present a comparative study of the poetry of the American James Arlington Wright and the Persian Sohrab Sepehri in order to examine the main ground of convergence in their poetry, which is epiphany or sudden revelation of truth. This revelation is mostly informed by intuitive, as opposed to logical, thinking and a mystical union with nature and natural elements. The poetic art of both Sepehri and Wright precisely consists in reminding the readers of the necessity of redefining and reconstructing the self through an awakening based on spiritual moments. In both Sepehri and Wright, the magic moments are presented through epiphany whose mission is to alert the soul to the absence/presence of what matters, and to the ways of dealing with the problem.

Brucellosis Continues to be of great health Significance and economic importance in many contries including Iran.The current diagnosis of brucellosis is based on the Serological and the microbiological tests.In this study, 100 sera specimen were taken from Animals (Goat and Sheep) in tonekabon to wnship, then was screening with serological tests and seroposetive and seronegative specimens (total peripheral blood) confirm by PCR method.Moreover, wright's seroaglutination test had titers within the diagnostic range 20 cases, that 5 samples were positive by PCR.In this study, prevalence rate disease was 20% Incidence rate disease was by PCR 5%.Different Serological tests and PCR method due to Serological Methods are not always sensitive and specific the PCR techniques have proved tobe Useful to Specificity, Sensitivity and rapidness.

In this paper, we will discuss what is called “ Manifestation Challenge” to semantic realism, which was originally developed by Michael Dummett and has been further refined by Crispin Wright. According to this challenge, semantic realism has to meet the requirement that knowledge of meaning must be publically manifested in linguistic behaviour. In this regard, we will introduce and evaluate John McDowell’ s response to this anti-realistic challenge, which was put forward to show that the challenge cannot undermine realism. According to McDowell, knowledge of undecidable sentences’ truth-conditions can be properly manifested in our ordinary practice of asserting such sentences under certain circumstances, and any further requirement will be redundant. Wright’ s further objection to McDowell’ s response will be also discussed and it will be argued that this objection fails to raise any serious problem for McDowell’ s response and that it is an implausible objection in general.

Putnam argues that accepting semantic externalism would require refuting the brains-in-a-vat skeptical hypothesis, and as a result, the skeptic will not succeed in proving her claim. Putnam’, s argument, however, is epistemically circular and inconclusive. The present article is devoted to evaluating Wright and Noonan’, s attempt to provide a plausible version of Putnam’, s argument. Based on the evaluation of these arguments, it was determined that (1) Wright and Noonan’, s arguments can at best only show that I am not a brain in a vat, but without the use of any auxiliary premises, they can not prove that we are not brains in a vat,(2) Contrary to Wright’, s claim, this premise of his argument that In BIVese, “, brain-in-a-vat”,does not refer to brains-in-a-vat, and its result, that is, that my language is not BIVese, lead his argument to be epistemically circular,and (3) Noonan’, s attempt to avoid epistemic circularity has not led to the desired result, and his argument, like Wright’, s, is epistemically circular.

Introduction: Iran is one of the endemic countries of brucellosis with a prevalence of about 225 in 1000000 population. In this study, there was an attempt to evaluate the demographic characteristics and wright test titers in treated patients previously diagnosed with brucellosis.Material and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 168 patients under treatment for brucellosis were evaluated during the years 2005 and 2008.Results: The mean age of the studied patients was 28.51±17.07 years and most of them were in 10-29 year old age group. 68.5% of the patients were male and 31.5% female. Most of the patients (60.1%) were shepherds; and their wright titer was 1/320 in 33.1% of the cases.Conclusion: Shepherds and those with 10–29 years of age are the high risk groups for brucellosis, so more attention should be paid in them. Males are more at risk than females. It is recommended that the serum of the patients be diluted up to 1/320 in standard tube agglutination test.